2022湖南高考英语试题及答案解析

2022-06-02 09:09:51文/周传杰

2022湖南高考英语试题及答案解析

第一部分：听力（共三节，满分30分）

做听力部分时，请先在试题卷上作答。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将第1至第17小题的答案转涂到答题卡上，将第18至第20小题的答案转写到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?

A. £19.15 B. £9.15 C. £9.18

答案是B。

1．What does the man mean?

A. It will take about one month to repair the watch.

B. It costs too much to have the watch repaired.

C. The watch is no longer worth repairing 【C】

2．When will they get there for the play?

A. 9:00. B. 10:00. C. 10:30. 【B】

3．Why can’t the man concentrate on his study?

A. He keeps thinking of going to the movies.

B. His classmates are taking a break.

C. He’s been studying for too long. 【C】

4．What is the man going to do?

A. Go to the Chinese restaurant.

B. Watch the football game.

C. Visit a friend downtown. 【A】

5．What do you know about Frank?

A. He will arrive in Chicago this morning.

B. He will send Ms. Tyler an e-mail.

C. He will call Ms. Tyler himself. 【B】

第二节（共12小题；每小题1.5分，满分18分）

听下面4段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。

听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。

6．Which part of the man’s body hurts?

A. An arm. B. An eye. C. An ear. 【C】

7．What does the woman advise the man to do?

A. Go to hospital at once.

B. Stay away from the swimming pool.

C. Get some medicine from the drugstore. 【B】

听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。.

8．What do you know about the woman?

A. She doesn’t believe the man’s excuse.

B. She’s been waiting far too long.

C. She’s really angry with the man. 【C】

9．What does the man mean?

A. He got there in only five minutes.

B. He has a good reason for being late.

C. He is used to waiting for the woman. 【B】

10．What does the woman want the man to do?

A. Buy the tickets. B. Buy her a wallet. C. Go back for her wallet.

【A】

听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。

11．Who is the woman talking to?

A. A hotel clerk. B. A hotel manager. C. A policeman. 【A】

12. Where does the conversation most probably take place?

A. In the manager’s office.

B. In the room of the guest.

C. At the police station. 【B】

13.What do you know about the woman?

A. She cannot find her necklace.

B. She put her necklace in the bed.

C. She is not satisfied with the room. 【A】

听下面一段对话，回答第14至第17四个小题。

14. Why is the woman asking for leave?

A. She plans to go to the UK with her parents.

B. She has to take care of her parents at home.

C. She wants to spend some time with her parents. 【C】

15. What can be inferred about the man?

A. He knows a lot about Chinese culture.

B. He doesn’t want the woman to take any time off at first.

C. He considers language a big problem for foreign visitors. 【B】

16. What can be inferred about the woman?

A. She is a student. B. She is a teacher. C. She is a tourist. 【A】

17.What agreement do the two speakers reach at the end of the conversation?

A. The woman can take two days off.

B. The woman needs to do some extra work.

C. The woman should buy some travelling materials. 【A】

第三节（共3小题；每小题1.5分，满分4.5分）

听下面一段材料，将第18至第20三个小题的信息补充完整，每小题不超过3个单词。听材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出15秒钟的作答时间。本段材料读两遍。

Doing exercise and keeping fit

Ⅰ. The importance of exercise

A 18 lazy life can lead to many health problems.

Ⅱ. How to prevent illness.

Stay 19 active : playing sports, gardening & doing housework.

Ⅲ. Ways of doing exercise.

· Choose a proper form.

One that you enjoy and that you can stick with.

· Exercise in the right way.

Start exercising slowly and increase the amount of exercise 20 step by step.

第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）.

第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）.

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket the desert.

A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover

答案是A。

21. Every evening after dinner, if not from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.

A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired 【C】

22．Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems themselves, and solve their problems ______ themselves.

A. to; by B. by; to C. for; to D. in; on 【A】

23．When he the door, he found his keys were nowhere.

A. would open B. opened C. had opened D. was to open 【D】

24．I can be a teacher. I’m not a very patient person.

A. seldom B. ever C. never D. always 【C】

25．At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future.

A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering

C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered 【A】

26．I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.

A. which B. of which C. that D. whose 【D】

27．Would you please keep silent? The weather report and I want to listen.

A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast

C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast 【B】

28．She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.

A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever 【C】

29. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it .

A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused 【D】

30. — It’s the office! So you know eating is not allowed here.

— Oh, sorry.

A. must B. will C. may D. need 【A】

31. Please do me a favor — ______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.

A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invited 【C】

32. You and I could hardly work together, ?

A. could you B. couldn’t I C. couldn’t we D. could we 【D】

33. Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.

A. are B. is C. have D. be 【B】

34. ______ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him.

A. Although B. As long as C. If only D. As soon as 【A】

35.— The food here is nice enough.

— My friend ______ me a right place.

A. introduces B. introduced C. had introduced D. was introducing

【B】

第二节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从第36至第55小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

“It’s no use, Mum,” said Johnny. “I’m just no good at dancing.”

“You’ve got to keep trying. Tonight will be 36 , dear. Try a turn with that pretty Lisette.”

Johnny 37 . Every Saturday night used to be the best of the week. He and his parents went to the 38 at the Club, where his hero, Alcide, played the accordion (手风琴) with the band. But lately everything had changed. Now that Johnny was older, he was 39 to dance with a girl!

40 Johnny and his parents arrived at the Club, music had already started. Johnny got up his 41 to approach Lisette. “May I have this dance?” Johnny asked. “That’s all right,” said Lisette. Johnny struggled to keep up with Lisette’s 42 steps, but he was always one beat behind her. Then Johnny heard his friend Pierre say, “Look! Johnny has two left feet!” 43 burst from the crowd. Johnny 44 and ran outside, determined never to go to another dance.

The next Saturday, Alcide 45 to Johnny’s house for some potatoes. He happened to hear Johnny playing the accordion. Alcide’s eyes 46 . “Bring that accordion and play some songs tonight,” Alcide said. Then he drove off, leaving Johnny staring open- mouthed 47 him.

At the Club, Johnny scanned the crowd for Lisette and 48 her. The band played for a long time before Alcide said, “Dear friends, I got a 49 for you tonight. Young Johnny is going to join us!” 50 , Johnny stepped up on the platform, his eyes on the floor. He began to play, and the band 51 behind him. When the song ended, he heard cheers. Johnny kept playing until the dance was 52 . “You did a fine job tonight. Play with us again next Saturday night,” Alcide said. “Yes, sir!” said Johnny. 53 he went outside, Johnny saw Lisette and her friends near the door. Lisette stepped 54 , smiling. “You played really good tonight!” she said.

“Thank you,” Johnny blushed (脸红). As he walked on, Pierre 55 moved out of the way for him to pass.

Johnny patted his accordion. Come to think of it, in his whole life, he had never once seen Alcide out on the dance floor.

36. A. difficult B. troublesome C. different D. terrible 【C】

37. A. answered B. sighed C. smiled D. laughed 【B】

38. A. platform B. appointment C. meeting D. dance 【D】

39. A. expected B. invited C. allowed D. chosen 【A】

40. A. If B. Since C. Though D. When 【D】

41. A. spirits B. feelings C. courage D. strength 【C】

42. A. smooth B. clumsy C. slow D. small 【A】

43. A. Shouts B. Laughter C. Applause D. Cheers 【B】

44. A. broke away B. went out C. broke up D. turned out 【A】

45. A. ran B. walked C. drove D. cycled 【C】

46. A. opened B. rolled C. sharpened D. widened 【D】

47. A. off B. with C. after D. for 【C】

48. A. caught B. searched C. sought D. spotted 【D】

49. A. surprise B. puzzle C. story D. joke 【A】

50. A. Struggling B. Trembling C. Wandering D. Whispering 【B】

51. A. got round B. joined in C. turned around D. showed off 【B】

52. A. in B. out C. over D. on 【C】

53. A. As B. Because C. Until D. So 【A】

54. A. backward B. forward C. onward D. downward 【B】

55. A. still B. even C. ever D. almost 【B】

第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节选择题（共17小题；每小题2分，满分34分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Eddie McKay, a once-forgotten pilot, is a subject of great interest to a group of history students in Canada.

It all started when Graham Broad, a professor at the University of Western Ontario, found McKay’s name in a footnote in a book about university history. McKay was included in a list of university alumni (校友) who had served during the First World War, but his name was unfamiliar to Broad, a specialist in military history. Out of curiosity, Broad spent hours at the local archives (档案馆) in a fruitless search for information on McKay. Tired and discouraged, he finally gave up. On his way out, Broad’s glance happened to fall on an exhibiting case showing some old newspapers. His eye was drawn to an old picture of a young man in a rugby uniform. As he read the words beside the picture, he experienced a thrilling realization. “After looking for him all day, there he was, staring up at me out of the exhibiting case,” said Broad. Excited by the find, Broad asked his students to continue his search. They combed old newspapers and other materials for clues. Gradually, a picture came into view.

Captain Alfred Edwin McKay joined the British Royal Flying Corps in 1916. He downed ten enemy planes, outlived his entire squadron (中队) as a WWI flyer, spent some time as a flying instructor in England, then returned to the front, where he was eventually shot down over Belgium and killed in December 1917. But there’s more to his story. “For a brief time in 1916 he was probably the most famous pilot in the world,” says Broad. “He was credited with downing Oswald Boelcke, the most famous German pilot at the time.” Yet, in a letter home, McKay refused to take credit, saying that Boelcke had actually crashed into another German plane.

McKay’s war records were destroyed during a World War II air bombing on London — an explanation for why he was all but forgotten.

But now, thanks to the efforts of Broad and his students, a marker in McKay’s memory was placed on the university grounds in November 2007. “I found my eyes filling with tears as I read the word ‘deceased’ (阵亡) next to his name,” said Corey Everrett, a student who found a picture of Mckay in his uniform. “This was such a simple example of the fact that he had been a student just like us, but instead of finishing his time at Western, he chose to fight and die for his country.”

56. What made Professor Broad continue his search for more information on McKay?

A. A uniform of McKay. B. A footnote about McKay.

C. A book on McKay. D. A picture of McKay. 【D】

57. What did the students find out about McKay?

A. He trained pilots for some time.

B. He lived longer than other pilots.

C. He died in the Second World War.

D. He was downed by the pilot Boelcke. 【A】

58. McKay’s flying documents were destroyed in .

A. Belgium B. Germany C. Canada D. England 【D】

59. We can learn from the last paragraph that McKay .

A. preferred fight to his study

B. went to war before graduation

C. left a picture for Corey Everrett

D. set an example for his fellow students 【B】

60. What is the text mainly about?

A. The research into war history.

B. The finding of a forgotten hero.

C. The pilots of the two world wars.

D.The importance of military studies. 【B】

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61. How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone?

A. 15 minutes. B. 30 minutes. C. 1.5 hours. D. 3 hours. 【A】

62. What is special about the battery?

A. It is built in an iPhone.

B. It is the smallest of its kind.

C. It can also be used as a charger.

D. It keeps power for about 30 days. 【C】

63. Who mentions the transporting of the battery?

A. P.S. B. B.L. C. M.C. D. T.K. 【C】

64. The customer comments on the battery are mainly about its _______.

A. quality B. service C. function D. shopping 【B】

People diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.

The research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female, had breeding (繁殖) rights within the group,” explains Marian Wong. “All other group members are nonbreeding females, each being 5-10% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation.”

The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.

It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily, by restraining how much they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise, the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered, clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.

The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves, so keeping their competitors small.

While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, Dr. Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical (等级的) societies remain stable.

The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans. “As yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature,” the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggests that, while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve long-term health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females’ own ideal.”

65. When a goby grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it .

A. faces danger B. has breeding rights

C. eats its competitor D. leaves the group itself 【A】

66. The underlined words “the evicted fish” in Paragraph 3 refer to .

A. the fish beaten up B. the fish found out

C. the fish fattened up D. the fish driven away 【D】

67. The experiment showed that the smaller fish .

A. fought over a feast B. went on diet willingly

C. preferred some extra food D. challenged the boss fish 【B】

68. What is the text mainly about?

A. Fish dieting and human dieting.

B. Dieting and health.

C. Human dieting.

D. Fish dieting. 【D】

Andrew Ritchie, inventor of the Brompton folding bicycle, once said that the perfect portable bike would be “like a magic carpet…You could fold it up and put it into your pocket or handbag”. Then he paused: “But you’ll always be limited by the size of the wheels. And so far no one has invented a folding wheel.”

It was a rare — indeed unique — occasion when I was able to put Ritchie right. A 19th-century inventor, William Henry James Grout, did in fact design a folding wheel. His bike, predictably named the Grout Portable, had a frame that split into two and a larger wheel that could be separated into four pieces. All the bits fitted into Grout’s Wonderful Bag, a leather case.

Grout’s aim: to solve the problems of carrying a bike on a train. Now doesn’t that sound familiar? Grout intended to find a way of making a bike small enough for train travel: his bike was a huge beast. And importantly, the design of early bicycles gave him an advantage: in Grout’s day, tyres were solid, which made the business of splitting a wheel into four separate parts relatively simple. You couldn’t do the same with a wheel fitted with a one-piece inflated (充气的) tyre.

So, in a 21st-century context, is the idea of the folding wheel dead? It is not. A British design engineer, Duncan Fitzsimons, has developed a wheel that can be squashed into something like a slender ellipse (椭圆). Throughout, the tyre remains inflated.

Will the young Fitzsimons’s folding wheel make it into production? I haven’t the foggiest idea. But his inventiveness shows two things. First, people have been saying for more than a century that bike design has reached its limit, except for gradual advances. It’s as silly a concept now as it was 100 years ago: there’s plenty still to go for. Second, it is in the field of folding bikes that we are seeing the most interesting inventions. You can buy a folding bike for less than £1,000 that can be knocked down so small that it can be carried on a plane — minus wheels, of course — as hand baggage.

Folding wheels would make all manner of things possible. Have we yet got the magic carpet of Andrew Ritchie’s imagination? No. But it’s progress.

69. We can infer from Paragraph 1 that the Brompton folding bike .

A. was portable

B. had a folding wheel

C. could be put in a pocket

D. looked like a magic carpet 【A】

70. We can learn from the text that the wheels of the Grout Portable .

A. were difficult to separate

B. could be split into 6 pieces

C. were fitted with solid tyres

D. were hard to carry on a train 【C】

71. We can learn from the text that Fitzsimons’s invention .

A. kept the tyre as a whole piece

B. was made into production soon

C. left little room for improvement

D. changed our views on bag design 【A】

72. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Three folding bike inventors

B. The making of a folding bike

C. Progress in folding bike design

D. Ways of separating a bike wheel 【C】

第二节简答题（共3小题；每小题2分，满分6分）

阅读下面短文，根据第73至第75小题的具体要求，简要回答问题，并将答案转写到答题卡上。

A long time ago, Milton S. Hershey, the creator of the popular chocolate bars, was dipped in warm chocolate. I know all about it. My grandfather was there!

At nineteen, Hershey established a candy business in Philadelphia. Although it failed, he tried again in several other cities and succeeded with Crystal A Caramels. But Hershey was not content. He began experimenting with chocolate and managed to sell his first chocolate bars in 1900. They were an instant success. In 1903, Hershey built a factory.

Hershey was usually pleasant and kind and enjoyed a good joke. However, in his chocolate factory, he held high standards for all the workers. He was both respected and feared. His anger would burst out when things didn’t go as he’d expected, and workers were fired for mistakes.

My grandfather began working in the factory as a young man. His job was to push the vats (大桶) of warm chocolate to a storage area. To do this, he had to push the heavy vats up a ramp (斜坡) and across the walkway. One day, Hershey was walking backward on the walkway while my grandfather was pushing a vat of chocolate up the ramp. Bump. Clunk. Ker-plop! Hershey fell backward into the vat. Everyone else held their breath and ran up to pull him out. Grandfather froze in fear. Was he going to lose his job?

Hershey stood stiffly with his hands on his hips. Color rose in his face. He said something in a low voice. Then he smiled. “It’s not your fault, son,” he said. “I need to watch where I’m going.” He put some chocolate in his mouth. “Mmm, that’s good,” he said. Everyone laughed. The tour continued, with Hershey dripping chocolate as he went. And Grandfather kept his job.

73. What did Grandfather do in Hershey’s factory? （回答词数不超过12个）

He pushed the vats of warm chocolate to a storage area.

74. Why didn’t Hershey fire Grandfather? （回答词数不超过10个）

Because he realized it was his own fault.

Because he realized it was not Grandfather’s fault/mistake.

75. What does the incident show us about Hershey? （回答词数不超过15个）

(It shows us that) Hershey was pleasant, humorous, kind (to others) and really respectable.

第四部分：书面表达（共两节，满分35分）

第一节填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在文后第76至第85小题的空格里填上适当的单词或短语，并将答案转写到答题卡上。

注意：每空不超过3个单词。

What is eco-fashion? Eco-fashion is a complex phenomenon and the common use of the term covers two aspects of fashion — ‘ecological’ and ‘ethical’ (伦理的). Ecological fashion usually refers to textile (织物) and clothing production processes and the environmental issues (议题) surrounding them; ethical fashion generally relates to the working conditions involved in the producing processes.

What are the problems with fashion? Firstly, the production of textiles pollutes the environment heavily. Cotton-planting uses pesticides; sheep-farming and wool-cleaning contribute to global warming; synthetics-making (人造纤维生产) brings about harmful waste. Secondly, every stage of clothing production has a significant effect on the environment. They all use a great deal of energy, and some also involve harmful chemicals. In addition to this, there is a lot of waste produced in the process, especially in the form of polluted water. Thirdly, growing consumption levels and our shopping habits further worsen the bad effects. We are now buying clothes in increasing quantities without realizing the scale on which it affects natural environment, and we are also quick to throw away clothes that have been worn only a couple of times.

Then, how to solve the problems? To a large degree, it is the fashion producers that really have the power and the responsibility to shape our future. There are numerous ways in which these producers can reduce their ecological footprint, from switching to green energy and reducing energy use, through selecting sustainable (可持续使用的) materials and choosing local suppliers, to recycle and minimize waste. On the other hand, as consumers we can all make contributions by selecting environmentally friendly clothing and reducing clothing consumption.

Now many people are beginning to shop for organic food products because the benefits of eating food free of chemicals are straightforward and immediate. They relate directly to our personal health. In fact, choosing eco-fashion can also contribute to our personal health, though it is mostly done by way of keeping the health of the planet.

Why choose eco-fashion?
76 Aspects/Two aspects of fashion	Ecological	Textile & clothing production processes
		Related environmental issues
	Ethical	77 Working conditions involved
78 Problems with fashion	Textile production	Cotton-planting: use of pesticides
		79 Sheep-farming and wool-cleaning : global warming
		Synthetics-making: harmful waste
	80 Clothing production	Consuming a great deal of energy
		Using harmful chemicals
		Producing a lot of waste
	Consumption levels & shopping habits	New clothes: bought 81 in increasing quantities
		Old clothes: thrown away quickly
82 Solutions to problems	Fashion producers	Ways to 83 recycle and minimize waste:  Switching to green energy  Reducing energy use  Selecting sustainable materials  Choosing local suppliers
	84 Consumers	Selecting environmentally friendly clothing
		85 Reducing clothing consumption
Choosing eco-fashion can contribute to our personal health.