2020年江西南昌高考英语模拟试题（含答案）

江西南昌 2020 年高考模拟试卷 英语试题

注意事项：

1 .   答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2 .   回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑 。 如需改动 ， 用橡皮擦干净后 ， 再选涂其他答案标号 。 回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3 .   考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分     阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）

第一节   （共 15 小题 ； 每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、 B 、 C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

What is body surfing?

Bodysurfing is related to riding on a wave with no help from aid tools such as a surfboard. That’s why it is called the “purest” form of surfing. In fact, it is one of very few extreme sports—free climbing and cliff diving are. others—that can be practiced using nothing but the human body.

How do you do it?

To catch a wave, swim to where the waves break and, as one approaches, start swimming towards the beach. You must try to travel at the same speed as the wave and, if you do it correctly, you will feel the wave lifting you and pushing you forwards. Then try and cut along the surface of the wave.

What do you need?

It is more enjoyable and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes). This is because they enable you to swim faster and surf along them more easily. A wetsuit is also advisable. Another aid is a handboard, a mini-surf board about the size of an iron, held in one hand to speed up along the wave. If you are lucky enough to be surfing in warm water, make sure you have your boardshorts at the ready.

Unofficial world championship

Bodysurfing is not a professional sport, but in Hawaii there is such a festival called the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic each year. Local bodysurfers compete against athletes from places such as Australia, Brazil, Japan or France. Famous bodyboarder Mike Stewart has won the event no fewer than 12 times, and Kelly Slater, the greatest surfer in history, has also competed.

1. How does a bodysurfer surf while in the sea?

A. Only using the human body.  B. Only relying on a surfboard.

C. Only following a wave.  D. Only swimming along the beach.

2. Which can make you surf faster?

A. Flippers and a wetsuit.  B. A wetsuit and a handboard.

C. A handboard and boardshorts.  D. A handboard and Flippers.

3. What can we know about the Pipeline Body surfing Classic?

A. It is for local bodysurfers.  B. It is held annually in Hawaii.

C. All famous bodysurfers favor it.  D. Mike Stewart attends it every year.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项非专业的运动 —— 人体冲浪。

1. A   【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段 Bodysurfing is related to riding on a wave with no help from aid tools such as a surfboard. 和 that can be practiced using nothing but the human body. 可知，人体冲浪是在没有冲浪板等辅助工具帮助的情况下在海浪上冲浪。故选 A 。

2. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段 It is more enjoyable and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes).  如果你使用脚蹼会更舒适、更安全，和 Another aid is a handboard, a mini-surf board about the size of an iron, held in one hand to speed up along the wave.  一只手拿着冲浪板可以加速冲浪。故选 D 。

3.B  【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段 Bodysurfing is not a professional sport, but in Hawaii there is such a festival called the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic each year.  在夏威夷每年都会有一个名为管道人体冲浪经典的节日。故选 B 。

B

Promise Sawyers, a 10-year-old girl in Nashville, Tenn., is inspiring people old and young after making a video before going to school “bigger and better” with her natural hair, just one day after she was made fun of for her  afro .

Promise Sawyers’ motivational video was posted online by her mom Qui Daugherty, after the 5th-grader secretly recorded it on Daugherty’s phone. In it, Sawyers explained that she was feeling “some type of way” after her classmates had mean things to say after she wore her natural hair the day before. But she was determined not to let it bring her down, and wore it the same way the following day. “Don’t allow anyone to steal your joy,” Promise said. “Don’t give them that much power.”

Daugherty says that Promise has been surrounded by that type of positivity her whole life. She’s always taught her daughter to “meet a negative with a positive”, even when somebody is trying to bring her down. And although this example seems like one of the more disheartening(  令人气馁的 ) ones that Promise has faced after starting at a new school, her video proved that she took her mom’s advice to heart.

Now, nearly 2 million views later, people everywhere are responding to the video. “We had no idea the impact that it was going to make and the amount of messages,” Daugherty said. “It’s made a huge impact behind the scenes that has blessed me personally.”

Daugherty jokes that Promise doesn’t understand how influential her words are. Instead, the 10-year-old is just excited about the millions of views.

“I just tell her not to focus on the numbers,” Daugherty says. “Let’s find a way we can be impactful behind this and make an influence and inspire people. That’s all we want.”

4. What does the underlined word “afro” in Paragraph 1 refer to?

A. A hairstyle.

B. A disability.

C. An attitude.

D. A video.

5. What did Promise decide to do after being teased by her classmates?

A. Seek some advice from her mother.

B. Make herself look bigger and better.

C. Record her sadness on video silently.

D. Keep wearing the same hair to school.

6. What will Daugherty advise Promise to do when there’s something disheartening?

A. Switch to a new start.

B. Look on the bright side.

C. Make necessary changes.

D. Share her joy with others.

7. How did Daugherty feel about people’s response to the video?

A. Embarrassed.  B. Worried.

C. Confused.  D. Surprised.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。 10  岁的小女孩  Promise Sawyers  天生拥有蓬松发型，这使她在学校里遭到了同学的取笑。 Promise  并没有因此而闷闷不乐，   而是用阳光的心态应对一切，坚守自己的快乐。她的视频激励了很多人。

4.A     【解析】 词义猜测题。联系画线词所在句中的 “with her natural hair” 和第二段第二句 “In it, Sawyers explained that she was feeling ‘some type of way’ after her classmates had mean things to say after she wore her natural hair the day before.” 可知，同学们嘲笑的是她的头发。由此可推知， afro 指的是一种发型。故选 A 。

5.D     【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 “But she was determined not to let it bring her down, and wore it the same way the following day.” 可知， Promise  被同学们嘲笑后，决定第二天仍然保持着同样的发型 去上学。故选 D 。

6.B     【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句 “She’s always taught her daughter to ‘meet a negative with a positive’, even when somebody is trying to bring her down.” 可知， Daugherty  一直教女儿在遇到令她沮丧的事情时用积极乐观的心态去面对。由此可推知，当女儿遇到令人气馁的事情时， Daugherty  会建议她去看到阳光的一面。故选 B 。

7.D     【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中  Daugherty  所说的 “We had no idea the impact that it was going to make and the amount of messages” 可知，她此前没有料想到这个视频能引起如此大的反响。由此可推知，她对人们对该视频的反应感到吃惊。故选 D 。

C

Most squirrels don’t hibernate( 冬眠 ). Instead, they store food for the cold season and spend the winter in their nests. But the 13-lined ground squirrel, one species of squirrel in the U.S. Midwest, is not the case. For up to 8 months, the tiny mammals won’t eat or drink anything at all and the heart rate, metabolism( 新陈代谢 ), and body temperature dramatically drop during their long rest, which is similar to bears and other hibernating animals.

To find out how the hibernating squirrels hold back their thirst, a powerful force that could potentially wake them up, and researchers measured the blood fluid of dozens of squirrels. Generally, a high blood concentration( 血液浓度 ) makes animals, including humans, feel thirty. The sleeping squirrels' blood concentration was low, preventing them from waking up for a drink. Even when researchers woke up the torpid squirrels, they wouldn’t drink a drop until the team artificially increased the concentration of their blood serum.

Next, the researchers wanted to know how the squirrels’ blood concentration dropped so low. Perhaps the squirrels drank a lot of water before hibernation to dilute( 稀释 ) their blood, the researchers thought. But when they filmed squirrels preparing for their winter snooze, they found the animals actually drank less water than they normally did.

Instead, chemical tests revealed the squirrels regulate their blood concentration by getting rid of electrolytes( 电解质 )like sodium and other chemicals like glucose and urea and storing them elsewhere in the body (possibly in the bladder), the researchers reported last month in Current Biology. The finding could also explain how other hibernating animals stay containing water.

This new knowledge might one day help humans with conditions such as diabetes( 糖尿病 ), or astronauts who have launched on long space flights. Unfortunately, even if people can figure out how to drop their blood concentration, it’s unlikely they’ll ever be as cute as sleeping squirrels.

8. What do we know about the 13-lined ground squirrels?

A. They don’t hibernate like many other squirrels.

B. They are endangered species in the U. S. Midwest.

C. They can live for months without water during hibernation.

D. Their heart rule and body temperature are extremely abnormal.

9. The hibernating squirrels don' feel thirsty because of their___________.

A. high blood concentration  B. low blood concentration

C. low body temperature  D. high heart rate

10. Hibernating squirrels adjust their blood concentrations by_____________.

A. Drinking much water before hibernation

B. Not eating anything during hibernation

C. Drinking less water than they normally do

D. Removing certain chemicals and storing them somewhere

11. What is the author’s attitude towards the new findings?

A. Objective  B. Positive

C. Disappointing  D. Uncaring

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种冬眠的松鼠，地松鼠。它以将电解质从血液中换到其他地方储存的方式来降低血液浓度，而这项发明可能用于治疗糖尿病等人类疾病。

8. C   【解析】细节理解题。由第一段 For up to 8 months, the tiny mammals won’t eat or drink anything at all 可知，地松鼠可以多达 8 个月不吃不喝。即地松鼠冬眠时可以数个月不喝水。故选 C 。

9. B 【解析】推理判断题。由第二段 a high blood concentration( 血液浓度 ) makes animals, including humans, feel thirty 可知血液浓度高促使动物包括人类感到口渴，由此可以推断出冬眠的松鼠不口渴是因为血液浓度低。故选 B 。

10.D  【解析】细节理解题。由倒数第二段 chemical tests revealed the squirrels regulate their blood concentration by getting rid of electrolytes( 电解质 )like sodium and other chemicals like glucose and urea and storing them elsewhere in the body 可知，化学测试表明松鼠调节血液浓度是通过将电解质转移至身体其他部位储存的方式进行的，即移走某种特定的物质即电解质，并储存到其他地方。故选 D 。

11.B  【解析】 观点态度题。由最后一段可知这项发现可以用来治疗糖尿病或者帮助长时间在太空站的宇航员，有实际运用的价值，即作者对此持积极态度。故选 B 。

D

What inspires kids to be creative and pursue academic excellence? Some teachers use rewards in recognition of students’ effort or achievement, giving them prizes, medals, certificates, or money.

Psychologists take opposite views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation  and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, believe that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.

The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary( 金钱的 ) rewards sparks creativity in primary school children, suggesting that properly given stimuli( 刺激 ) indeed encourage creativity, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

"If kids know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards."

A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with students lacking in creativity and motivation, Eisenberger says. As an example of the latter point, he particularly mentions growing efforts to tighten grading standards and adopt failing grades at major universities.

In earlier grades, the use of rewarding system, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, Eisenberger claims.

12. Psychologists are divided in their attitudes toward _____.

A. the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards

B. the amount of monetary rewards for students' creativity

C. the relationship between actions and their consequences

D. the effects of external rewards on students' performance

13. Which of the following does NOT belong to examples of “external rewards”?

A. Tom received a certificate for winning a speech competition.

B. Mary was praised by the teacher for making progress in English.

C. Jacky made great efforts to enter a major university.

D. John was offered a free summer camp due to his hard work.

14. Which of the following can best raise students' creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?

A. Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.

B. Assigning them tasks which require creativity.

C. Giving them rewards they really deserve.

D. Giving them rewards they hope for.

15. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because  they think _____.

A. rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students

B. punishing students is more effective than rewarding them

C. failing unmotivated students helps improve their academic standards

D. discouraging students’ expectation of easy rewards is important

【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了心理学家对外部奖励对学生成绩的影响的态度有分歧。而教育工作者则认为适当的外部奖励刺激确实能激发创造力，但是如果给予表现不好的学生奖励则可能会扼杀创造力。

12. D   【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity.  （心理学家对外部奖励 ( 从温暖的表扬到冷冰冰的现金 ) 如何影响动机和创造力持相反的观点）可知，心理学家对外部奖励对学生成绩的影响的态度有分歧。故选 D 。

13.C  【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句 Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity.  （心理学家对外部奖励 ( 从温暖的表扬到冷冰冰的现金 ) 如何影响动机和创造力持相反的观点）可知，外部奖励包括表扬到现金。分析选项可知 C 选项 “ 杰克努力进入一所重点大学。 ” 并不属于 “ 外部奖励 ” 的例子。故选 C 。

14.C  【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段 "If kids know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards." （位于纽瓦克的特拉华大学的 Robert Eisenberger 说 :“ 如果孩子们知道他们是为了奖励而工作，并且能够专注于一个相对有挑战性的任务，他们就会表现出最大的创造力。 ”“ 但如果对表现不佳的学生给予奖励，或者对奖励的渴望太强烈，就很容易扼杀创造力。 ” ）提到孩子们是为了获得奖赏而从事一项具有挑战性的工作时创造力最强，而如果对那些表现不好的学生也给予奖赏则会扼杀创造力，可见 Robert Eisenberger 观点是给他们应得的奖励。故选 C 。

15.A  【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中 "But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards." （ “ 但如果对表现不佳的学生给予奖励，或者对奖励的渴望太强烈，就很容易扼杀创造力。 ” ）可知，如果一个老师对表现不好的学生也给予奖赏就会导致学生缺乏创造力，故从文章中可以推断，各大大学正试图提高他们的评分标准，是因为他们认为奖励不好的表现可能会扼杀学生的创造力。故选 A 。

第二节   （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

As high school students, we must spend the vast majority of our time in class and reading books.  16.   Without a friend, our world would be a wilderness. What kind of friends should we pick? What are the dos and don’ts of friendship? Here are some of my opinions.

17.   We may consider different people we meet every day to be nice and feel like making friends with them. However, not all good people are matches for us. Rather than make friends with the popular students, we should spend time with those we have things in common with, or who will be there to listen to us. Moreover, we should be careful about students with many bad habits, since they could pass those habits on to us.

Being tolerant is a good idea. No one is perfect.  18.   Therefore, we should try to understand our friends and be patient with them when they make mistakes since we’re all on a journey to being better people. Gradually, our friendships will last longer and become more solid.

Be honest.  19.   However, it’s better to be honest with friends, to tell them what is bothering us and seek their advice. Being honest will not annoy your friends, but it will bring you and your friend closer together.

We need to be open-minded. Listen to others’ ideas, whether you agree with them or not, and be happy to make friends with your friends’ friends.  20.

A. We must be careful.

B. We need to be well-informed.

C. As is said, honesty is the best policy.

D. A friend without faults will never be found.

E. None are so deaf as those who will not hear.

F. Still, spending time with friends is also necessary and good for us.

G. We all tend to show our positive side to friends and hide our true feelings.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了四点作者对于拥有好友的观点和看法，如应该谨慎地交朋友；应该接受朋友的缺点；对朋友最好诚实；保持开放的心态倾听别人的想法等。

16.F  根据前句 As high school students, we must spend the vast majority of our time in class and reading books.  作为高中生，我们必须把大部分时间花在上课和读书上，和后句 Without a friend, our world would be a wilderness. 没有朋友，我们的世界将是一片荒野。可知，此句为承上启下句，花时间和朋友在一起也是必要的，对我们有好处。故选 F 。

17.A  此处为本段的主题句。根据后文 However, not all good people are matches for us.  并不是所有

的好人都适合我们，和 Moreover, we should be careful about students with many bad habits, since they could pass those habits on to us.  我们应该小心有很多坏习惯的学生，因为他们会把这些习惯传给我们。可知，我们必须小心（交友）。故选 A 。

18.D  根据前句 No one is perfect.  人无完人，可知，没有缺点的朋友是永远找不到的。故选 D 。

19. G 根据本段主题句 Be honest.  对朋友诚实，和后句的转折 However, it’s better to be honest with friends, to tell them what is bothering us and seek their advice.  然而，最好对朋友诚实，告诉他们是什么困扰着我们，并征求他们的意见。可知，我们都倾向于向朋友展示我们积极的一面，隐藏我们的真实感受。故选 G 。

20.E  根据前句 Listen to others’ ideas, whether you agree with them or not, and be happy to make friends with your friends’ friends.  倾听他人的想法，不管你是否同意他们的观点，并乐于和你朋友的朋友交朋友，可知，要乐于倾听。故选 E 。

第二部分　 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）

第一节   完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A 、 B 、 C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Over two weeks ago I was standing on the summit of Mount Qomolangma. It was the top of many years’ hard work, and the  21   of a childhood dream.

I have been overwhelmed by the tide of goodwill and   22   . But one thing has become   23   apparent. Many people have constant misunderstandings about Mount Qomolangma. In their   24 ,  Qomolangma has   25   her crown. She has become a mountain synonymous with death, exploitation and  26

The most common question I get asked is: “Is it  27   in rubbish?” As a United Nations patron(  资   助   人  ) of the wilderness, one of my roles is to  28   back from the Earth’s remaining wildernesses and to act as a  29   for the wild.

I climbed Qomolangma expecting a rubbish dump but what I found   30   me: I   31   saw any litter, from the airport to the summit.

The Nepalese have   32   some huge clean-up campaigns in recent years, perhaps to improve their reputation, but also in response to some tragic natural disasters. The government   33   a number of requirements including that each climber   34   an additional 8kg of litter (not including their own) and incentives(  激励 ) for Sherpas(  夏尔巴人 ) of $2 per kilo of rubbish cleaned.

The results have been   35  . The country lanes of Great Britain have more rubbish than the  36   to base camp; despite the 100,000 footfalls I saw one of the cleanest, tidiest wilderness trails I have encountered.

I have spent time in many of the world’s popular wilderness locations and I would say Nepal should be   37   . It is an example of man repairing the   38   he has done. As our focus turns to the oceans and the seemingly  39   task of repairing our marine habitat, we could look at Qomolangma as a fine  40   of turning back the clock.

21. A. realization  B. motivation  C. connection  D. schedule

22. A. respond  B. protection  C. change  D. support

23. A. strangely  B. naturally  C. increasingly  D. easily

24. A. symptoms  B. minds  C. stories  D. permits

25. A. lost  B. fed  C. counted  D. saved

26. A. adventure  B. pollution  C. settlement  D. choice

27. A. covered  B. seized  C. found  D. poured

28. A. expect  B. appreciate  C. apply  D. report

29. A. plan  B. title  C. voice  D. lesson

30. A. surprised  B. served  C. forced  D. stressed

31. A. silently  B. eagerly  C. frankly  D. hardly

32. A. challenged  B. conducted  C. observed  D. qualified

33. A. appealed to  B. taken in  C. depended on  D. put forward

34. A. share  B. confirm  C. remove  D. bear

35. A. selective  B. familiar  C. impressive  D. repairable

36. A. reality  B. trail  C. opportunity  D. league

37. A. vital  B. proud  C. simple  D. unique

38. A. conclusion  B. convenience  C. arrangement  D. damage

39. A. impossible  B. necessary  C. unusual  D. extra

40. A. content  B. direction  C. example  D. situation

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者登上珠穆朗玛峰的故事。在作者以前的印象中，珠峰充满着死亡、开发和垃圾。亲历之后，作者对珠峰的印象大为改观，并盛赞当地政府的一些做法，呼吁人们效仿，使世界环境变得更美好。

21. A   考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是多年努力的结果，也是一个儿时梦想的实现。 A. realization 实现； B. motivation 动机； C. connection 连接； D. schedule 日程表。作者经过多年的努力，终于登上珠峰，说儿时的梦想得以实现（ realization ）。故选 A 。

22. D   考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被善意和支持的潮水淹没了。 A. respond 答复； B. protection 保护； C. change 改变； D. support 支持。根据前面的  goodwill  可知，该空与其意义相近，故选  support ，表示作者得到很多善意和支持。故选 D 。

23. C   考查副词词义辨析。句意：但有一件事变得越来越明显。 A. strangely 奇怪地； B. naturally 自然地； C. increasingly 不断增加地； D. easily 容易地。在得到大量支持之际，有一件事情变得日益 (increasingly ) 明显。 因为一直以来，人们对珠峰就有误解，并且这种误解至今存在于很多人心目中。故选 C 。

24. B   考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们的心目中，珠穆朗玛峰已经失去了她的王冠。 A. symptoms 症状； B. minds 头脑； C. stories 故事； D. permits 允许。介词短语  in one’s minds  意为 “ 在 …… 的心目中 ” 。   故选 B 。

25. A   考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他们的心目中，珠穆朗玛峰已经失去了她的王冠。 A. lost 失去； B. fed 喂食； C. counted 数； D. saved 保存。根据下文语境中的  She has become a mountain synonymous with death, exploitation  可知，珠峰风光不再，即它失去了 (lost) 王冠。故选 A 。

26. B   考查名词词义辨析。句意：在很多人的印象中，珠峰充满着死亡、开发和污染（ pollution ）。 A. adventure 冒险； B. pollution 污染； C. settlement 解决； D. choice 选择。下文多次提到人们清理垃圾的事情，所以此处选  pollution 。故选 B 。

27. A   考查动词词义辨析。句意：我被问到的最常见的问题是 :“ 它被垃圾覆盖了吗 ?”A. covered 覆盖； B. seized 抓住； C. found 发现； D. poured 倾倒。根据上文语境提到的人们对珠峰的印象不好可知，作者经常被问的一个问题就是：珠峰是不是被垃圾覆盖 (covered) ？故选 A 。

28. D   考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的一个任务就是向联合国汇报 (report) 地球上剩下的荒野的状况。 A. expect 期盼； B. appreciate 欣赏； C. apply 应用； D. report 汇报。作为受联合国资助的登山者，作者的一个任务就是向联合国汇报 (report) 地球上剩下的荒野的状况。故选 D 。

29. C   考查名词词义辨析。句意：并且为此荒野发声。 A. plan 计划； B. title 头衔； C. voice 声音； D. lesson 教训。动词短语  act as a voice for... 意为 “ 作为 …… 的代言人 ” ，作者想为大自然发声。故选 C 。

30.A     考查动词词义辨析。句意：我爬珠穆朗玛峰，以为会有一个垃圾场，但我的发现让我惊讶。 A. surprised 吃惊； B. served 服务； C. forced 迫使； D. stressed 着重。作者的想象与真实情况截然不同，故让作者大为吃惊 (surprised) 。故选 A 。

31.D     考查副词词义辨析。句意：从机场到山顶，我几乎看不到任何垃圾。 A. silently 默默地； B. eagerly 渴望地； C. frankly 坦率地； D. hardly 几乎没有。由后面语境提到的垃圾清理情况可知，作者从机场到山顶几乎没有 (hardly) 看见垃圾。故选 D 。

32.B     考查动词词义辨析。句意：尼泊尔人近年来进行了一些大规模的清理运动。 A. challenged 挑战； B. conducted 实施； C. observed 观察； D. qualified 合格。这里指最近几年，尼泊尔人开展垃圾清理运动。 conduct campaigns  意为 “ 开展活动 ” 。   故选 B 。

33. D   考查动词短语词义辨析。政府提出了许多要求，句意： A. appealed to  呼吁； B. taken in 吸收； C. depended on 依靠； D. put forward 提出。尼泊尔政府对登山者也提出了 (put forward) 一些要求。故选 D 。

34. C   考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个登山者清除额外的 8 公斤的垃圾 ( 不包括自身的 ) 。 A. share 分享； B. confirm 证实； C. remove 清除； D. bear 忍受。这些要求包括清除 (remove) 额外的  8  公斤垃圾，不包括自己的垃圾。故选 C 。

35. C   考查形容词词义辨析。句意：结果令人印象深刻。 A. selective 可选择的；  B. familiar 熟悉的； C. impressive 印象深刻的； D. repairable 可修缮的。这些措施产生的结果给人们留下了非常深刻的印象 (impressive) 。故选 C 。

36.B     考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国乡间小路上的垃圾比通往大本营的小道还多。 A. reality  现实； B. trail 小道； C. opportunity 机会； D. league 同盟。与通往登山大本营的小道 (trail) 相比，英国的村间小道的垃圾都比这里多。尽管有成千上万的脚步走过，作者看到了一条他遇到过的最干净、最整洁的荒野小径。下一句 “I saw one of the cleanest, tidiest wilderness trails I have encountered.” 中的  trails  是提示。故选 B 。

37. B   考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为尼泊尔应该感到自豪。 A. vital 极重要的； B. proud 骄傲的； C. simple 简单的； D. unique 独特的。根据作者的描述可知，尼泊尔政府采取了很多清理垃圾的举措，效果明显，故应该引以为豪 (proud) 。故选 B 。

38. D    考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个人类弥补他所造成的伤害的例子。 A. conclusion 结论； B. convenience 方便； C. arrangement 安排； D. damage 破坏。这是人类修复自己对大自然造成的破坏 (damage) 。故选 D 。

39.A     考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一看似不可能完成的任务。 A. impossible 不可能的； B. necessary 必须的； C. unusual 不同寻常的； D. extra 额外的。人类对海洋栖息地造成的破坏非常严重，要想修复非常困难，看起来是不太可能的 (impossible) 。故选 A 。

40.C     考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以把珠穆朗玛峰作为一个让时间倒流的典范。 A. content 内容； B. direction 方向； C. example 例子； D. situation 状况。根据上文语境可知，珠峰的垃圾清理取得不错的效果，我们可以把珠峰作为恢复原貌的典范。这里作者呼吁人类也应该像清理珠峰一样去清理海洋垃圾。 a fine example“ 典范 ” 。   故选 C 。

第二节 （共 10 小题；每小题 l5 分，满分 15 分）

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个 适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

If this 13-year-old American boy succeeds in his effort  41.   (climb) Mount Everest, he has modest ambitions — pick a small piece of rock from the top of the world as a memento ( 纪念品  ) and wear it in a necklace.

"I will not sell it or give it to anyone. It is something for  42.   (me) to say ‘this is a rock from the summit', ” Jordan Romero from California, told reporters in Kathmandu. He left  43.   the mountain on Sunday.

If he  44.   (succeed), Romero will become  45.   youngest climber to scale the 8,850 meters Everest summit.  46.   (current) a 16-year-old Nepali boy, Temba Tsheri Sherpa, holds the record of being the world 's youngest climber of Mount Everest. But Romero said he was not after  47.   (set) climbing records.

Romero said Mount Qomolangma was part of his goal to climb the highest mountains on all seven  48.   (continent).

"It is just a goal,” he  49.   (say) confidently. "If I don't succeed I am okay. I will try again. ”

Romero has already climbed Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa and Mount McKinley in Alaska among others.

"I know it requires a lot of  50.   (patient). I will remain patient. I want to stay safe and make right choice, ”Romero said.

【答案】

41. to climb42. myself43. for44. succeeds45. the

46. Currently47. setting48. continents49. said50. patience

【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位 13 岁的美国男孩准备攀登珠穆朗玛峰，如果他成功登顶，他将创下最年轻登顶的纪录，此前的纪录是一名 16 岁男孩保持的。

41.  考查非谓语动词。句意：如果这个 13 岁的美国男孩成功攀登珠穆朗玛峰，他的雄心壮志 —— 从世界之巅挑一块小岩石作为纪念品，然后戴在自己的脖子上。 in one’s effort to do sth 意为努力做 … ，故填 to climb 。

42.  考查代词。句意：对于我来说，它是我说的 “ 这是山顶的一块石头 ” 的某个东西。分析句子可知， say 的主语和宾语都是这个小男孩，因此需要使用反身代词。故填 myself 。

43.  考查介词。句意：他星期天出发上山。文章第一句提到 “If this 13-year-old American boy succeeds in his effort…” 如果这个小男孩成功了的话，说明男孩那时还未出发登山， leave for 意为出发至某处，为固定搭配，故填 for 。

44.  考查动词时态。句意：如果他成功的话，他就会成为最年轻的登山员。分析句子可知，男孩成为登山员的条件是他成功了，即指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中的动作），其它事情（主句中的动作）才能发生，通常译作 “ 假如、如果 …” ，在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，表示将来时态，主句是一般将来时态，祈使句或情态动词，从句要用现在时态，即主将从现原则，该句中主语 he 是第三人称单数形式，因此句中谓语也要使用三单形式。故填 succeeds 。

45.  考查定冠词。句意：如果他成功的话，他就会成为爬上 8850 米珠穆朗玛峰最年轻的登山员。分析句子可知， youngest 为形容词的最高级，因此需要定冠词 the 修饰限定，故填 the 。

46.  考查副词。句意：目前，一名 16 岁的尼泊尔男孩 Temba Tsheri Sherpa 保持着世界最年轻的珠穆朗玛峰登山者纪录。分析句子可知，需用副词作状语修饰整个句子。故填 Currently 。

47.  考查非谓语动词。句意：但在创造了攀登纪录后， Romero 说他并不是。分析句子可知， after 为介词，介词后动词需使用动名词形式，故填 setting 。

48.  考查名词复数。句意： Romero 说，珠穆朗玛峰是他攀登七大洲最高峰的目标之一。分析句子可知， seven 是复数概念，因此修饰的名词需用复数形式。故填 continents 。

49.  考查动词时态。句意：他自信地说。分析文章可知，整篇文章使用了一般过去时，为保证时态一致性，因此需使用一般过去时，故填 said 。

50.  考查名词。句意：我知道这需要很大的耐心。分析句子可知， a lot of 后接名词，因此需将 patient 改为名词形式。故填 patience 。

第三部分   写作（共两节，满分 35 分）

第一节   短文改错 （共 10 小题；每小题 l 分，满分 10 分）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（ ∧ ），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1.  每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.  只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。

I’m having wonderful time here in France. Now I’m drinking fröccs in one of the open-air café. The first day when we went on a guided tour of Paris. We saw most of the famous sights like the Louvre, where they have an amazed collection of paintings, but the Eiffel Tower. Yesterday we went down to the South of France by train. It was such fast that the whole journey was only about three hours. We spend a little time in Nice and in Cannes as well, and we all real enjoyed the journey. I practiced speak my French a little and I spoke them when I did shopping.

【答案】 wonderful 前加 a

café → cafés/cafes

去掉 when

amazed → amazing

but → and

such → so

spend → spent

real → really

speak → speaking

them → it

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者在法国旅游的经历。

【详解】

第一处：考查冠词。虽然 time 不可数名词，但在形容词修饰 time 会加 “a” 不定冠词，通常用来表示一段时期。 故将 wonderful 前加 a 。

第二处：考查名词数。 one of 后加名词的复数形式。故将 café  改为  cafés/cafes 。

第三处：考查时间状语。分析句子可知，句中 The first day 引导状语从句，句中无定语从句。故去掉 when 。

第四处：考查形容词。修饰名词 collection of paintings ，指物，前用形容词 amazing 修饰，表示 “ 令人惊异的 ” 。故将 amazed  改为 amazing 。

第五处：考查连词。这里指 “ 那里有惊人的绘画收藏品，还有埃菲尔铁塔。 ” 前后为并列关系，故所以用连词 and 。故将 but 改为  and 。

第六处：考查副词。这里考查 so + adj. + that 从句，而 such 后接名词。故将 such  改为 so 。

第七处：考查时态。从全文可知用一般过去时。故将 spend 改为 spent 。

第八处：考查副词。修饰动词 enjoyed 用副词形式。故将 real 改为 really 。

第九处：考查短语。短语 practice doing sth. 练习做某事。故将 speak 改为 speaking 。

第十处：考查代词。这里指代前文中的 my French ，为不可数名词，故用 it 代指。故将 them 改为 it 。

第二节   书面表达（满分 25 分）

假定你是某中学学生李华。你的美国笔友 Zoey 对目前国内的交通出行很感兴趣，来信询问相关情况。请你用英文给她写一封回信，内容包括：

1.  现在中国人出行的主要交通工具；

2.  日常工作和生活中，人们如何选择出行方式；

3.  期望能了解英国的相关情况。

注意： 1.  词数不少于 100 ；

2.  开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Zoey,

I am writing to tell you something about the present transportation in China.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

【 范文 】

Dear Zoey,

I am writing to tell you something about the present transportation in China.

First of all, the major transportation used in China are divided into two categories, including private ones, which usually are referred to private cars and public ones, which commonly includes trains and airplanes. Secondly, it is convenient for people to choose proper ways in their daily life. In most cases, they prefer to use private cars when it is not too far or when they want to enjoy a short trip. However, taking time and distance into consideration, they will travel by train or even by plane when efficiency is needed. Anyhow, nowadays, travelling by train or plane is not as expensive as before and train in China develops so rapidly, widely known as Chinese Speed.

Hope to know some detail information about transportation in your country. Looking forward to your early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua